Banana is the common name for that herbaceous group of plants which belongs to the genus Musa under the family Musaceae and for the fruits they produce.they are originated from tropical South and Southeast Asia and first domesticated in Papua New Guinea.now, they are cultivated throughout the tropics. They are grown in at least 107 countries, mainly for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fibre, banana wine and as ornamental plants. Its fruits
grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. They show
variety of sizes and colors when ripe, including yellow, purple, and
red.
Almost all modern edible parthenocarpic bananas come from two wild species –Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana . The scientific name of bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific names Musa sapientum and Musa paradisiaca are no longer used.
Importance
Banana is one of the
most important fruit crops in Bangladesh. It is used both as ripe and unripe.
Unripe or green banana are eaten as vegetables. Green banana is high in iron
content. Ripen fruit eaten as desert. Ripe banana can be considered as a
balance diet as it supplies carbohydrates, proteins, fats and other important vitamins
and minerals. Food value of banana per 100g weight is mentioned below:
Food
value of banana (per 100g)
|
Sl. No.
|
Food type
|
Nutrient content
|
Sl. No.
|
Food type
|
Nutrient content
|
|
01
|
Energy
|
371kj(89kcal)
|
12
|
Folate (vit. B9)
|
20 μg
|
|
02
|
Sugar
|
22.84g
|
13
|
Choline
|
9.8 mg
|
|
03
|
Dietary fibre
|
2.6g
|
14
|
Vitamin C
|
8.7 mg
|
|
04
|
Fat
|
0.33g
|
15
|
Calcium
|
5 mg
|
|
05
|
Protein
|
1.09g
|
16
|
Iron
|
0.26 mg
|
|
06
|
Vitamin A
|
3 μg
|
17
|
Magnesium
|
27 mg
|
|
07
|
Thiamine (vit.
B1)
|
0.031 mg
|
18
|
Manganese
|
0.3 mg
|
|
08
|
Riboflavin (vit.
B2)
|
0.073 mg
|
19
|
Phosphorus
|
22 mg
|
|
09
|
Niacin (vit. B3)
|
0.665 mg
|
20
|
Potassium
|
358 mg
|
|
10
|
Pantothenic acid
(B5)
|
0.334 mg
|
21
|
Zinc
|
0.15 mg
|
|
11
|
Vitamin B6
|
0.4 mg
|
|
|
|
Recently many banana
based industries have been developed in our country. Banana is also important
for the survival of these industries.
Present status
The banana occupies 2nd
position in terms of area and production among the fruits grown in Bangladesh.
We get banana round the year. Banana is most important fruit in Bangladesh,
comprising 26.64% of the total fruit production the country and largely grows
in Noakhali, Dhaka, Khustia, Jessore, Barisal, Rangpur, and Rajshahi. In the
year 2007-08 banana is grown in about 53293.93 hectares of land with a total
production of 877123 MT. the top 3 Banana producing area are Tangail (21.31%),
Khustia (14.82%) and Jessore (7.84%) respectively which contricuted 43.97% of
the total Banana production. Banana is very rich in calorie, vitamin and
minerals.
Area and production of
banana from 2000 to 2008
|
Years
|
Area (ha)
|
Production (M. tons)
|
Yield (t/ha)
|
|
2000-2001
|
42848.18
|
606100
|
14.15
|
|
2001-2002
|
44967.61
|
654280
|
14.55
|
|
2002-2003
|
45350.20
|
649730
|
14.33
|
|
2003-2004
|
49277.33
|
706585
|
14.34
|
|
2004-2005
|
53862.35
|
898710
|
16.68
|
|
2005-2006
|
56016.19
|
909060
|
16.23
|
|
2006-2007
|
58817.81
|
1004520
|
17.08
|
|
2007-2008
|
53293.93
|
877123
|
16.46
|
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